Operation and maintenance costs-wages, rent, overhead, materials.With this said, these particular costs can easily be identified under the expenses of a firm's income statement and balance sheet to represent all the cash outflows of a firm. This means explicit costs will always have a dollar value and involve a transfer of money, e.g. In other words, explicit opportunity costs are the out-of-pocket costs of a firm, that are easily identifiable. Types of opportunity costs Explicit costs Įxplicit costs are the direct costs of an action (business operating costs or expenses), executed through either a cash transaction or a physical transfer of resources. Thus, opportunity costs are not restricted to monetary or financial costs: the real cost of output forgone, lost time, pleasure, or any other benefit that provides utility should also be considered an opportunity cost. It incorporates all associated costs of a decision, both explicit and implicit.
The New Oxford American Dictionary defines it as "the loss of potential gain from other alternatives when one alternative is chosen." As a representation of the relationship between scarcity and choice, the objective of opportunity cost is to ensure efficient use of scarce resources. Assuming the best choice is made, it is the "cost" incurred by not enjoying the benefit that would have been had by taking the second best available choice. In microeconomic theory, the opportunity cost of a choice is the value of the best alternative forgone where, given limited resources, a choice needs to be made between several mutually exclusive alternatives.
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